When blood is placed on the test strip, it reacts with a chemical called glucose oxidase to form gluconic acid from blood glucose. At the other end of the test strip, the meter transfers a current to the test strip. The test strip has electrical terminals that allow the meter to measure the current between the terminals.
The current changes between the terminals depending on the level of gluconic acid produced. The blood glucose meter then uses an algorithm based on the current difference in blood glucose.
Some blood glucose test strips allow more blood to be applied to the same test strip if needed during the test. The amount of blood required by a test strip can vary between manufacturers. Typically, 0.5 μl to 1 μl of blood is required.
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